Federal Reserve Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Federal Reserve Board - Essay Example But when we talk about of United States which is world's largest economy then the monetary policy of the country also expands its impact on in form of economic and financial effects on other countries of the world. In shortest possible definition the main objective of a monetary policy is to look into various aspects of the economy of a nation ranging from inflation; economic output; to employment. The working of it could be understood by way it affects the demand i.e., is being parameterized in form of people's and firms' current tendency towards expenditure and spending on goods and services. In United States the Monetary policy matters relate to it are all conducted by the Federal Reserve System which is the central bank of America and the form of influences it makes on demand is mainly by raising and lowering of short-term interest rates (Dennisy, 2007). The responsibility of conducting a monetary policy lies in the hand of Fed's FOMC or Federal Open Market Committee. The FOMC comprises of 12 members out of which the seven members are from the board of Governors; the President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the rest four are the other Reserve Bank Presidents who occupy the seat in rotation. The Committee meets eight times a year in Washington, D.C. The remaining Reserve Bank Presidents provides all necessary inputs to the Committee's discussions on various issues. The Directors of each Reserve Bank has their own defined duty in form of contributions through recommendations about discount rates (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2004). Federal Open Market Committee in 2007 The FOMC amended its policy related to the Authorization for Domestic Open Market Operations on January 30, 2007 and directed the Federal Reserve Bank of New York so that various domestic policy directives could be adopted. The Bank has now been authorized to buy or sell U.S. Government Securities from or to securities dealers and foreign and international accounts maintained at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. This includes buying and selling of U.S. Government securities and obligations that are in direct obligations of, or have been fully guaranteed to principal and interest by, any agency of the United States, from dealers for the account of the System Open Market with process being competitive bidding. The authorization has been further expanded to ensure the conduct of open market operations through lending government securities to dealers to be determined by competitive bidding. The bank will also act as an assisting agent for foreign and international accounts maintaine d in the bank for short-term investments (The Federal Reserve Board, 2007). The FOMC while considering the necessity to carry out the various foreign currency directives has asked the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for System Open Markets Account. The bank has been granted further permission to purchase and selling of some foreign currencies in the form of cable transactions on the open market at home and abroad with foreign monetary authorities, with Bank of International Settlements, and with other international financial institutions. The currencies which have been considered for above mentioned transactions are Canadian Dollars, Danish Kroner, Euro, Pounds Sterling, Japanese Yen, Mexican Pesos, Norwegian Kroner, Swedish Kronor and Swiss

Analysing Mcdonalds Essay Example for Free

Analysing Mcdonalds Essay I c) The competitor I choose is Sonic Corp. , their competitors are 1) Burger King, 2) McDonald’s and 3) Whataburger. The first financial ratio calculated was the current ratio. The industry percentage is . 93, McDonald’s current ratio is 1. 14 and Sonic is 1. 72. Both companies have ability to pay back their short-term liabilities with their short-term assets. Debt to Equity: McDonald’s: . 75, Sonic (-172. 3) and the industry: 1. 00. Sonic’s short-term debt has gone up from 22. 9 in 2007 to 57. 5 in 2009 and the long term has gone down from 727. 2 in 2007 to 683. 4 in 2009. Their Owner’s Equity has been in the red; in 2007 it was (-106. ) and slowly has decreasing to (-4. 3). Gross Profit Margin: McDonald’s: 38. 65, Sonic 33. 11, and industry: 31. 74. Both companies are about average. The gross profit margin has been stable for the past three years and had not fluctuated far from the industry median. Net Profit Margin: MCD: 20. 01%, SONC: 10. 29% and industry: 2. 99. McDonald’s is keeping above the industry average on every dollar of sales a company earns. Sonic has been having some trouble keeping above water. For ? in Sales and ? in Net Income Growth the formula I used was (B-A)/A*100 or (new# old #)/old # times 100. ? in Sales: both companies increase sales in the year 2008 but then a slight decrease in the year 2009. ? in Net Income Growth: Where as MCD has double in net income in the last three years, going from 2395. 1 in 2007 to 4551. 0 in 2009, SONC has decline in net income. In year 2007 it was at 64. 2 and now in 2009 it is 49. 4. II a) When I found out that we were going to be studying McDonald’s for this semester, I could only think about hamburgers and coffee. I never gave it a thought that a fast food restaurant would have deal with environmental, social, economic or political responsibilities. In our text book Strategic Management Concept by Fred R. David (2010), strategies is defined as â€Å"the means by which long-term objectives will be achieved. † Well McDonald’s has definitely achieved more than it’s share of objectives in the past years. Even at the beginning of MCD, Ray Kroc, the businessman who bought McDonald’s from the McDonald brothers, had a long-term objective for that restaurant. He wanted MCD to be the most successful fast food operation in the world. And year after year he has achieved this by continuously surpassing its competitors, supporting the local community and â€Å"work to provide sustained profitable growth for our shareholders. † II b1) Economic Forces: Unemployment rate of 9. 5%. While large corporation are downsizing and cutting jobs, MCD is hiring. Breakfast sales are declining due to the unemployment rate. Dollar’s value: on Market Watch (July 17, 2009) with William Spain he wrote that with the economy going the way it is going, people will keep spending more on fast food than at family-style restaurants, often because they also feel they are no longer sacrificing quality to save money as fast food chains add new products that taste better and are seen as healthier and fresher than ever before. † Social, Cultural, Demographic, Natural Environmental Forces: Working Globally on animal’s welfare. Green Restaurant Design, the MCD in Denmark is the first hydroflurocarbon free restaurant. Political, Govt. Legal Forces: In 2001, Eric Schlossers book Fast Food Nation includes criticism of McDonalds business practices and alleges at MCD used its political influence to increase their own profits at the expense of the health of the nation and the social conditions of its workers. Children obesity problem. Technological Forces: Offering free WiFi hotspots. Competitive Forces: New drive-thur layouts to better service time.

Analysis of Why are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteri

Analysis of Why are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria by Beverly Daniel Tatum 'Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria'; by Beverly Daniel Tatum Ph.D. is a book of many subjects, theories, ideas, as well as opinions that are discussed, challenged and criticized. Are we free from racism? Why, are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria? These questions I hope to answer for myself and for others. One of Beverly Tatum's major topics of discussion is racial identity. Racial identity is the meaning each of us has constructed or is constructing about what it means to be a white person or a person of color in a race-conscious society. (Tatum, pp Xvii) She talks about how many parents hesitate to talk to their children about racism because of embarrassment and the awkwardness of the subject. I agree with her when she says that parents don't want to talk about racism when they don't see a problem. They don't want to create fear or racism where none may exist. It is touchy subject because if not gone about right, you can perhaps steer someone the wrong way. Another theory she has on racial identity is that other people are the mirror in which we see ourselves. (tatum pp18) 'The parts of our identity that do capture our attention are those that other people notice, and that reflects back to us.'; (Tatum pp21) What she means by this is that what other people tell us we are like is what we believe. If you are told you are stupid enough you might start to question your intelligence. When people are searching for their identity normally the questions 'who am I now?'; 'Who was I before?'; and 'who will I become'; are the first that come to mind. When a person starts to answer these questions their answers will influence their beliefs, type of work, where they may live, partners, as well as morals. She also mentions an experiment where she asked her students to describe themselves in sixty seconds. Most used descriptive words like friendly, shy, intelligent, but students of color usually state there racial or ethnic group, while white students rarely, if ever mention that they are white. Women usually mention that they are female while males usually don't think to say that they are males. The same situation appeared to take place when the topic of religious beliefs came up. The Jewish students mentioned being Je... ...Sitting Together in the Cafeteria; Basic Books, 10 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022-5299; ïÆ' £1997 Appendix 1) Why does she seem like a racist herself?: She always is talking about how white people benefit so much from things they don't even realize they benefit from. Well how about all the special groups and organizations that are set up just for black people. I think she should take another look at our society before she says that white benefit so trememdously. I am not saying whites do not benefit more but she really, really drills this opinion and I disagree. 2) She seems like she is telling everyone they way they should think: I don't get why she is so hung up on telling people who they should call what, and what they should do about it. Half of her book is about letting people feel free to be who they are, being proud of ones back round, and having a mind of your own and thinking for yourself. 3) Why does she believe so much in Affirmative action?: If Affirmative action was to be implamented then white people would be discriminated just because they were white. If she is trying to abolish racism, causing racism towards another race isn't solving the problem.

The Possible Outcomes of Globalization

Human beings have always been dirty, corrupt, deceitful and horrible. But humans also have some redeeming factors that account for our current state of relative peace, our ability to innovate, the ability for great kindness and to care for other living things. All because each individual person is as different as the last with their own unique experiences and morals and standards that accumulate to our own incredibly different personalities and attitudes. Yet there are those who believe that striping us of the things that makes us†¦ s will be a great improvement on society even when the evidence points elsewhere. There is a very clear disagreement in our society about what we should do and what the benefits of globalization are. ‘Black’ and ‘White’ sides to a very grey issue. Usually people on the right will say that globalization is a good thing, giving you this; Claims increase in diversity and creativity, trade becomes easier and cheaper, goods becom e more accessible and cheaper, and that everyone will be materially richer. Countries are becoming more alike in the sense of offering some more commonly diverse choices. †-Tyler Cowen(supporter of Globalization) The other side to this are people that are decidedly on the left and they will say things like; Homogenization of culture, loss of creativity, total loss of some cultures, people will become easier to control through advertisements, society becomes about working and keeping ‘afloat’ and not living an actual life, creates violence within people try to protect their culture. †Fast food†¦ ecomes a fueling up ritual†¦ but if it social or family values is what you about†¦ then its a disaster. †-Benjamin Barber (advocate against globalization). Although I say most conservatives and most liberals is because some conservatives don’t see it for what is and buy into what the businessman would say and that all cultures would get a b it of every other culture and are fearful of the blending of culture and are against it. Some liberals think that bringing money to the third world countries, and many more reasons.This is not to say that the political spectrum doesn’t play a role but rather a major one, as most people on the right see it for what it is and support it because globalization creates wealth for the multinational corporations and destroys the native peoples culture and making them more focused on work and it becomes a win-win situation. Liberals are fearful of the corporation as once the people are on the bandwagon it’s very easy to keep them on it and the power of the people of those nations falls to the businesses.Another reason for concern on the part of all citizens regardless of political ideologies is the outsourcing of jobs, which we are already seeing the effects of as unemployment â€Å"unemployment rate moving to 9. 5% in the U. S. , the highest level since 1983. The same thing happened around the globe; the unemployment rate surged to record high values. †-London Forex Broadsheet. My opinion is that there are large winnings and some very hard losses to be had.On one side it boosts the local economy and overall wealth of the certain poorer country, and poverty by any measure is a horrible thing to live in. Unfortunately it destroys the culture that has survived for possibly thousands of years â€Å"Just over 38% of global cultures are in danger of extinction or are already extinct†-UNESCO and we lose some of the history that makes the world the way it is, also globalization can destroy the local environment and cause serious physical injury and sickness. †About one half of the forests that covered the Earth are gone.Each year, another 16 million hectares disappear. †-globalchange. umich. edu And the only reason they live in poverty is not because they're useless and lazy but because of the current global economic system we use. So overall I believe that the losses outweigh the possible gains. The driving forces behind globalization is the corporations they first lobby the government to build an airport saying it will bring more tourists and money. afterwards they move in and set up factories (depending on the ethics or pressure put on them by the public) or sweatshops.So the increased tourism brings foreign ideas and technology like: democracy, freedom, wealth, internet, computers, TV’s, etc. After they make some money in a dangerous mine or a low paying factory they buy a TV/Computer and they see what we have and they want it, they see our big houses and big cars and they will save up and buy one. when they do that they adopt our north american culture and they stop going to church because they can get more money working weekends, they dress like we do and act like we do.They want to be like us so they tell their parents that their culture is dumb and look how this new culture brought us out of povert y, and how we don’t have to pick through garbage anymore. Once people think like this and act like this it causes other people to join them, thinking â€Å"Well he has a car a house and nice clothes, why can’t I have that? † So as more people drop their culture and uniqueness the faster it speeds up. The possibilities of an outcome of this en masse shift towards a North American lifestyle are endless, but what is almost certain is the fact that 99. % of the time this will end badly and not just for the humans that live here but the entire planet. So I will propose 3 scenarios that generally cover the possible outcomes at this point in time. Scenario 1) As more and more people get cars, computers, and use more electricity the CO2 emissions increase exponentially and we get to a tipping point in the atmosphere and a cascade/domino effect happens. Methane from the bottom of the ocean is released into the atmosphere and the Earth heats up even more.Then the Amazon b urns heating it even more, etc. etc. and the world fries and after 100000 years the Earth is plunged into an ice age. By the way almost everyone died. Scenario 2) As more and more jobs are outsourced to cheaper labour the North American way of life collapses because there’s no jobs and with no money you can’t buy anything. Then the whole global economic market crashes and burns. World is plunged into WWIII for the remaining resources, nuclear bombs are launched, whole countries become uninhabitable.Billions die. Scenario 3) In a global effort we switch over to renewable resources and solve the global energy crisis and with that we are able to stabilize the economy and regain peace. It is then possible to help and provide electricity to developing countries. There are many proposed solutions to the crisis we are dealing with but just as with many other problems many of the ‘solutions’ prove to be ineffective or even more harmful. So what will it take to hav e a solution that will save us?Unfortunately its too late to have a gradual change that would allow for people to adapt comfortably to the new lifestyle that i am about to propose. We will have to do this quickly and without hesitation because the longer we wait the more painful this will be. In scenario 3 of the last paragraph is what we will have to do as currently many of the wars being fought around the world are about or were started by the need of the black gold, oil, and n order to restore peace we need to switch over to a more renewable way of life especially here in North America. Not only will this reduce the incentive to kill each other over something that will become increasingly obsolete but it will also help calm the people who are angry at the way we live here because of our wastefulness. Also legislation by the government will have to be passed in order to make it harder for corporations to treat people poorly and pay them less, also make them create jobs in their ho me (eg; US, Canada, UK, etc. ) countries.Increased tourism from more money and cheaper bills will help reinforce the local cultures as people usually travel to see the culture. Advertisements will have to be localized and not forcing the American way of life down peoples throats. I believe that this will, if not completely solve this issue, help out greatly. Unfortunately people can’t see what is happening around them and then when they finally realize what has happened its too late, and that is the problem, why we can’t solve this crisis and why we can’t solve many other difficult issues that exist.The fact is that until something catastrophic happens no one will do anything about it, history shows this and as the saying goes History always repeats itself. Globalization will continue to be a problem for a very long time and when the mass population sees what has happened it will be too late. all we can do is support groups in foreign countries that try to susta in the culture and language of their ancestors.

Home-Style Cookies Case Essay

1. Briefly describe the cookie production process. The company uses batch processing system, wherein the process begins when the management gets orders from its distributors. Production schedules are then made which are based on the orders received. In the beginning of every shift, a list of the cookies to be made that day is delivered to the person in charge of mixing. The ingredients needed are activated through a master list containing all the ingredients to ensure accuracy. The ingredients are then transferred to the mixers then to a cutting machine. After that, the cookies are heated to an oven and moved to a cooling rack. When the cookies are all cooked, they are manually packed. Lastly, the packaged cookies are labelled and sealed. 2. What are two ways that the company has increased productivity? Why did increasing the length of the ovens result in faster output rate? First, the company has increased productivity by cutting the non-filled cookies diagonally, so more cookies can be baked any time. Second, automating the ingredients lead to reduction in the waste of ingredients and helps on the cut back with human error when mixing the ingredients. Increasing the length of the ovens result in faster output rate since it enables more cookies to be baked at once. The bigger the oven, the more cookies we can bake in it which means the faster the output rate. 3. Do you think the company is making the right decision by not automating the packing of cookies? Explain your reasoning. What obligation does a company have to its employees in a situation such as this? What obligation does it have to the community? Is the size of the town a factor? Would it make a difference if the company was located in a large city? Is the size of the company a factor? What if it was a much larger company? I think that the company is making the right decision by not automating the packing of the cookies. It should resemble the human factor in its product. One of the most important steps before packing the cookies is the removal of broken or deformed cookies. An automated process is unable to conduct this critical step. It is critical that this step is done as it would depict the image of the company producing a good product. All companies have a moral obligation  towards their employees. If the company has built on a structure that would help employees stay gainfully employed, the company should honor the commitment it has on its employees. A company that is committed to its workforce sends a message to the community that it cares and is dedicated to its employees. People of a community would be more proud to support such a company with integrity and commitment. Yes, the size of the town is a factor. If the company is located in a small town, it is much easier for them to penetrate the market and to actually show the values it has within its company. Yes, I think it would matter if the company is located in a large city, as it is quite challenging to catch more customers in larger cities, because of the increase in competition. Yes, the size of the company is a factor. The bigger the company is, the easier it is for them to hook customers, as the customers would perceive that it is already established and trusted. It would benefit the company more if it were larger, since it could hire more people and has capacity to help the community more. However, it is very important for companies to take note that whether it may be big or small it should always focus on productivity and efficiency to provide absolute customer satisfaction. 4. What factors cause the company to carry minimal amounts of certain inventories? What benefits result from this policy? Minimal amounts of inventories are caused by many factors. First factor is the quality of the cookies. Since the company is set on providing a product that is high quality and does not use preservatives or additives, they use minimal inventories to retain the freshness of the product and to avoid waste of resources. Second, lower inventory costs, the lesser the inventory the lower the costs. Third, less need for storage space, since there is minimal inventories used, minimal space is also utilized. Lastly, satisfied customers, because of the freshness and high quality of the cookies the company provides satisfaction to its consumers. 5. As a consumer, what things do you consider in judging the quality of cookies you buy in a supermarket? The main factor in judging the quality of the cookies is by its quality or freshness. Fresh or high quality cookies would catch more customers. Second, the ingredients, if natural ingredients  are used I would be more enticed to buy cookies. Third is the packaging of the product, its outer appearance tells a lot about a product. I would buy a product which has a really nice and neat packaging. 6. What advantages and what limitations stem from the company’s not using preservatives in cookies? By not using preservatives, the product would appeal more to customers, as more people now are health-conscious. It would also lessen the costs of the company, since fewer ingredients are needed. On the other hand, not using preservatives limits the shelf life of the cookies. 7. Briefly describe the company’s strategy. Mainly, the company focuses on providing high quality cookies that appeal to a particular market niche. The company also centers on its customers and employees. Through this, it gives a possible effect on its community and gains the support of the people.

The Bicycle Thief essays

The Bicycle Thief essays The Bicycle Thief by Vittorio De Sica is a movie that breaks the Hollywood aesthetic of beautiful people, fancy homes, and extensive wealth that only thrives in fantasy and sometimes-unconquerable dreams. It exploits the plight of working class individuals who live in what some may call ghettoes or over crowded cities. Standing outside of a government agency, men await the fates of their futures: will it be their day to get work or will they go home in defeat to tell their wives and children that they might not have enough money to eat? It is a travesty to envision a life that is lived moment to moment and the future holds no promise for a better tomorrow. It is striking to watch a movie that encapsulates the very heart of the working class. The audience is introduced to the movies central character, Antonio. A man who is in search of a job and the one he receives requires a mode of transportation common in those days, a bicycle. The bicycle he owns is in a repair shop waiting for alterations to be done, but because of the lack of money his family has, he never acquired the opportunity to pay for it. He then journeys back home to his wife, his son, and his newborn to herald the good news, however, as all good things too good to be true there is a catch. Antonio tells his wife that he can have this beneficial job if he has a bicycle, translation: we need money to get the bike so I can work. Maria, his wife, decides to pawn their precious linens, apart of her dowry, in order to retrieve Antonios bicycle from the shop. However, maintaining the bicycle long enough to see a single paycheck would pose as a dilemma rather than a means of support. First day on the job the bicycle gets stolen, crisis becomes the inevitable. Another plight of the working class individual, stolen goods are as good as gone and sold and money in some ...

Ethical Scenarios †Ethics Essay

Ethical Scenarios – Ethics Essay Free Online Research Papers Each team should respond in paragraph form to the questions that follow the scenarios presented below. Any disagreements or complications that occur within the team regarding the correct response should be noted in the Learning Team Reflection Worksheet for the week. Individual After the teams have completed their responses, each member should consider his or her individual responses and reactions to the various ethical perspectives. Rate yourself on the scale at the end of this document for each perspective. For each ethical perspective (duty-based, goal-based, rights-based, and human-nature), write a reflective paragraph in which you express your personal ethical statement regarding that perspective. The paragraph should state the numerical rating you gave yourself on the scale, and then supply an explanation for why you rated yourself at that level. SCENARIOS Duty-based (Deontological): This is a common issue in corporate America. There always seems to be individuals that never seem to pull their own weight. In this first perspective Michael is not pulling his own weight, so Donna who feels duty-bound creates a set of rules and tries to impose the rules on Michael. I have found that when you try to tell someone what or how they should do something they resist and eventually become even more difficult to work with. Sometimes it is easier to try to sit down with the individual and ask why there is a problem. After discovering the underlying reason you can then work together to come up with a solution to the problem. Determining what someone’s work ethics are prior to developing a team can eliminate a great number of headaches. This will give you the opportunity to structure the team environment in a manner that will eliminate most problems before they arise. I have rated myself a four (4) on this because I have always been a duty-based person. The task at hand has never been the issue only to work as hard as possible to complete the task. Goal-based (Teleological): Setting team goals can be a difficult task because determining if the goals have been obtained on an individual basis can be subjective. For example, Corin and his team are in their last class at the University of Phoenix. Corin believes that he has reached his goal and therefore has no interest in the class. While the rest of the team believes that the goal to graduate has not been reached since they have not completed the Capstone class. Goals have to be defined well in advance and monitored. By monitoring the objective of the goal a team or individual can determine if the have lost sight of the goal then redefine the path to reach the goal. I rated myself a four (4) on this because I have been attempting to achieve a goal for 25 years. I have been on track at different periods and I have been off track at times. However, I have always kept my eyes on the goal and have made adjustment to my approach to achieve my goal. Rights-Based: â€Å"It is my god given right†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is probable the most abused statement in history. Right-based ideology is at times, the most dangerous and most powerful belief. Individuals have rights†¦ groups have rights†¦ however when a group of people with similar beliefs get together and try to force their beliefs on the masses watch out. Numerous atrocities have been perpetuated on society because a group has been successful in enforcing their rights. For example World War II was partially about one group’s ideal that they were the master race and look what that small group was able to do. However, there are an equal number of examples where right-based ideology can be constructive as in the town meeting where the community gets together to discuss an ordinance on car noise levels. In this example the community as a whole is deciding the best course of action. Another example would be the â€Å"Civil Rights Movement† where â€Å"One man had a dream† changed a nation. I originally rated myself a four (4) on this but, after writing about right-based issues I find that I am not admittedly a right-based thinker. I believe that right-based thinking is important and under the right conditions a powerful tool. So I changed my rating to a 3. Human-Nature: What is in one person’s nature in not necessarily in another’s? Karen believes that it is alright to try to cheat by copying a paragraph and not making the required references. It is often the easy road that defines â€Å"Human Nature†. Is it easier to copy and past the home work? Is it easier to say that you have done something when you honestly have not? The easy road is just too hard to resist some days. I rated myself a four (4) on this because, I believe that through had work the accomplishments are better savored. Research Papers on Ethical Scenarios - Ethics EssayResearch Process Part OneThe Hockey GameThe Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Analysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Vocab In Context Questions and Strategies for SAT Reading

Vocab In Context Questions and Strategies for SAT Reading SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What are "vocab in context questions" and what are the best ways to approach answering them? In this article, I'll go over the basics of what vocab in context questions are, then transition into more in-depth discussions of each of the two types (complete with examples, both official and homemade). Finally, I'll end with suggesting strategies to use when tackling these types of questions. feature image credit: Sopa de letras by srgpicker, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Note: This article is about the Vocabulary in Context questions on the old, out-of-2400 SAT, which had five answer choices (instead of four) and were worded slightly differently. If you're looking for advice on these kinds of questions for the new SAT Reading and Writing and Language sections, we recommend reading our article on Words in Context questions instead! What Are Vocab In Context Questions? Vocabulary in context questions are the questions on SAT Reading passages that question you directly about vocabulary in the context of a paragraph. While having vocab knowledge can help you with other types of questions, for the purposes of this article, I've focused on the types of questions where knowing vocabulary is essential to being able to get the right answer. (Note: This article is not about sentence completion questions, which are no longer part of SAT Reading with the new 2016 SAT.) From my reviewing ofofficial SAT practice tests, I've come to the conclusion that there are two types of ways the SAT Reading passages will question you on vocabulary: #1: Based on how the word is used in the passage, what does that word mean? #2: How would you sum up the meaning of a few lines or a paragraph, using one word as your answer? Read on for a more detailed look at each of these types of vocab in context questions. Question Type 1: What’s The Meaning Of The Word In Context? These questions are probably among the most straightforward of all the SAT Reading questions. I like to think of them as asking â€Å"Here’s the word- what’s the definition?† Of course, just because the questions are straightforward doesn’t mean that they can't be tricky, but the way the questions are phrased themselves are pretty simple. In fact, they are almost always asked in one of the following ways: As used in line 42, â€Å"stake† most nearly means†¦ In the context of line 42, the phrase â€Å"dark husband to the midnight† means†¦ (I've altered the actual words asked by official SAT questions here, but you get the picture). Why does the SAT use the phrase "most nearly," rather than always just straight up asking "what does this word mean?" I believe there are two reasons: #1: The phrase is designed to trick you into picking an answer that kind of works (after all, stake only has to nearly mean the answer choice, right? #2: It's the SAT’s way of covering its butt (nope, you can't just pick an answer that works, you have to pick the best answer out of the available choices). Most often, these "Here's the word, what's the definition?" questions are about words that have multiple meanings. Since the SAT wants to trick you into rushing into thinking you know the answer, the test often will include an answer choice that is accurate for SOME definition of the word, just not the way it’s used in the passage. Here’s an example, taken verbatim from an official SAT practice test. Just going off the top of my head, the word â€Å"follow† can probably be used to mean any of the answers, depending on context. In order to figure out what it means in line 34, you're going to have to go back to the passage. The source sentence for this question reads as follows: â€Å"I came to realize that if I were able to record part of the dance- that is, the spoken part- and reenact it, the rest of the body would follow.† (lines 31-34; underline mine) How would you solve this question? First, replace the word with your own definition so that you have a preconception of what you're looking for: "I realized that if I could record the spoken part of the dance and reenact it, the rest of my body would be able to do it, too." As you can see, the rephrasing does not have to be super elegant, just accurate. Next,substitute answers into your rephrased sentence. The answer should look something like what you rephrased in the first step. For this question, only â€Å"join in† works ("I realized that if I could record the spoken part of the dance and reenact it, the rest of my body would join in"). Want to see another example? No problem! Here’s a trickier example I’ve based on an actual SAT question (although I took some liberties with the topic). Example A: â€Å"The relationship of the vampire and his assistant seemed to have been reversed, and Igor, now in his early twenties, was the authoritative one; since boyhood he had been taking on one responsibility after another, until he had left the vampire with nothing to perplex him but how to while away the hours when the servants were busy and Igor was out searching for brains.† In this sentence, â€Å"perplex† most nearly means†¦ (A) trouble (B) bewilder (C) astonish (D) entangle (E) embarrass If you replaced the word â€Å"perplex† with any of the answer choices, with any of the answer choices, it would make thematic sense. After all, since Igor’s taking over all the responsibilities there it’s possible there could be nothing to bewilder, astonish, entangle, or embarrass the vampire. In addition, doesn’t â€Å"perplex† sometimes have something to do with bewilder or astonish? Danger! Danger! This is all part of the SAT’s Cunning Planâ„ ¢ (not actually trademarked) to trap you! It’s a trap by Mike Knell, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped from original. Do not answer the question based on things that â€Å"could be right,† depending on information you do not know. Imagine you're a cranky English teacher, grading student interpretations of a book read for class. You're not a generous teacher who’s looking for reason to give a student points any way you can because she argued the point. No, you're looking for reasons to mark answers as wrong. Take that mindset into the SAT Reading with you: Only the answer that is directly supported by the context of the passage is acceptable.In this case, the answer is (A) trouble: the vampire has no responsibilities to worry about and so has nothing to bother, or trouble, him. Even though all the other answer choicestechnically mean "perplex," no other answer choice fits in the context of this sentence. This is the key point of this class of question. Sometimes, instead of asking about individual words, the SAT Reading will question you about multiple words, making the question more like "Here's the phrase, what's the meaning?" See example B: In these cases, you're being asked to define a phrase with another phrase. Either way, however, both word in context and phrase in context questions should be approached in the same way: always, always go back to the line in which the word or phrase appears- don’t let the SAT fool you into answering without checking! Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Question Type 2: What Word Is Defined By The Passage? These questions ask you to recognize the definition in the passage and relate it to the answer choice that matches it. In contrast to the previous question type of vocab-in-context questions, I think of these as asking â€Å"Here’s the definition, what’s the word?† The SAT has more varied ways of asking these questions than the â€Å"here’s the word, what’s the meaning?† questions. I've written up below a short list of examples that I've come across in my reviewing of SAT practice tests. Disclaimer: I have edited the questions so that they all refer to the same subject matter; these are not questions that appeared on the actual SAT (yet). The public’s response described in line 42 most strongly suggest that Dracula’s acts were†¦ Based on the description in the last sentence, Dracula could best be characterized as†¦ In line 42, Dracula is portrayed as†¦ The author uses the word â€Å"monster† (line 42) to convey the narrator’s sense of†¦ The author characterizes a â€Å"vampire† (line 42) as something†¦ In line 42, the author describes vampires as†¦ The information in the second paragraph indicates that the vampire’s â€Å"modern reputation† is†¦ The second paragraph indicates that Dracula believes the â€Å"proper state† would be one of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  "What word is defined by the passage?" questions can actually be easier than the "here's the word, what's the definition?" questions. Why? Because since the definitions are in paragraph form, you may be able to gather more information to help answer the question. Here's another actual SAT example (this time unmodified): If you know the definition of the word â€Å"elitist,† that can be an easy shortcut to the answer: Plato was an elitist, which probably means he was characterized by (E) snobbishness. If you don’t know what elitist means, however, the author goes on to explain further in the rest of the paragraph: Plato wanted to ban things for being free, accessible, and popular†¦that sounds snobby. Okay, (E) snobbishness it is. Plato by Tilemahos Efthimiadis, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped from original. Plato†¦the first hipster? Strategies To Master Vocabulary In Context Questions So what strategies can you use to master these two types of SAT Reading questions? I've put together a three-step strategy guide below. Strategy 1: Rephrase the information given. For questions that ask about words in context, define the word first in your head (or on scrap paper, whichever is easier) in the context of the sentence or paragraph, without looking at the answer choices. Remember, your rephrasing does not have to be elegant as long as it conveys the meaning. For instance, take a look at example C: "This article effectively concedes that Stoker’s magnificent story cannot be recovered from the misuse and distortion it has suffered since his death." In this line, "suffered" most nearly means†¦ My thought process: Let me replace the word with one that keeps the meaning of the sentence. â€Å"This article effectively concedes that Stoker’s magnificent story cannot be recovered from the misuse and distortion it has had to deal with (in a negative and painful sense) since his death.†Yeah, that works (aside: well, I can see why the author used just one word). For questions that ask you to take a paragraph and choose the best answer that describes it, answer the question in your own words before looking at the answer choices. See example D: My thought process: Question is asking about the education described in these lines. Okay, what does the paragraph say? In college there’s assigned reading, but the important thing is when students discover books on their own and jump back and forth across history, languages, and cultures. That sounds like a diverse education to me. Okay, I’ve got that, now I can look at the answer choices. Strategy 2: Cross out answers that clearly don’t fit. Sometimes, you can get to the right answer just by knowing what the wrong answers are. This is an especially useful strategy if there's an answer choice with a word that you don't know the meaning of. If you know that the other three answers are definitely wrong, it doesn't matter that you don't know what the meaning of the fourth answer is; by process of elimination, it must the correct choice. Let's take a look at this strategy in the context of example C, from before: My thought process: Okay, the choices are endured, felt, prolonged, tolerated, and lamented. Which of these are close to â€Å"had to deal with (in a negative and painful sense)?† Endured: yes. Felt: no. Prolonged: not really. Tolerated: not really negative. Lamented: no. The answer is probably (A) endured. This strategy still works if you are trying to sum up the meaning of a paragraph in one word. I'll copy and paste example D again, so you don't have to scroll back up: My thought process: The choices are elitist, philanthropic, eclectic, methodical, or rudimentary. Which of these are close to meaning diverse? Elitist: I don’t think so. Philanthropic: doesn’t that have something to do with giving money to people? Maybe? Eclectic: someone with eclectic interests has a lot of different interests. Hmm. Seems more likely! Methodical: no. Rudimentary: looks like rude, but who knows [note: I know].The right answer is probably (C) eclectic [Second note: Even with process of elimination, this question would be pretty tricky if you didn’t know the meaning of eclectic, philanthropic, or rudimentary. For more on how to study vocab effectively, click here]. Strategy 3: (Optional) Plug the definition back in. This strategy works best for the "here's the word, what's the meaning?" questions, because word-for-word substitutions are a lot simpler than word-to-sum-up-entire-paragraphs-of-information substitutions. Let's take one more look at example C, a "here's the word, what's the meaning?" question: "This article effectively concedes that Stoker’s magnificent story cannot be recovered from the misuse and distortion it has suffered since his death." In this line, "suffered" most nearly means†¦ My thought process: Substitution time! â€Å"This article effectively concedes that Stoker’s magnificent story cannot be recovered from the misuse and distortion it has endured since his death.† Yep, that’s right. Just to double check with the maybes: â€Å"This article effectively concedes that Stoker’s magnificent story cannot be recovered from the misuse and distortion it has prolonged since his death.† haha what that doesn’t make any sense â€Å"This article effectively concedes that Stoker’s magnificent story cannot be recovered from the misuse and distortion it has tolerated since his death.† I mean, sort of? But why bother with "sort of" when I have a definite yes? (answer: do not bother with "sort of" if you have a definite yes) Get Plugged In by Rennett Stowe, used under CC BY 2.0. Whew. Where Do I Go From Here? Are these strategies fine in theory, but hard to put into practice because you always run out of time before finishing? Discover how to avoid that terrible time crush with our article on time management on SAT Reading. Want more in depth guides like this? Use our ultimate guide to SAT reading for links to more articles on the other types of SAT Reading questions. What are the other types of questions you’ll find on the SAT, and what’s the best way to read the passage to answer them? We have strategies for reading passages effectively here. What are the skills you’ll need to excel on the SAT Critical Reading? Read our overview of what's actually tested on SAT Reading for the answer. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SATprep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SATscore by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Debating Public Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Debating Public Policy - Essay Example However, the role of such organizations has been largely unnoticed since they fund advocacy groups (Weissert, Knott, 1995, Pp. 275). The policy process can play a significant role in safeguarding minority rights which involve protection of basic human rights such as freedom of speech and expression, freedom to choose and follow religion of choice and beliefs, freedom of seeking equal protection under the law, and the liberty to participate with equal strength and vigor in the public life of the society. The protection of rights of minorities is essential to the governments and policy makers to enable them to substantiate the cultural identity of the minorities as well as their social practices and traditions. The minorities may involve people belonging to ethnic backgrounds, following different religious beliefs and customs, as well as those who are geographically located in areas where their community is less in number, and differentiated on the basis of their income. Such groups are encouraged to participate in the policy making process to facilitate smoother functioning of governmental organizations and to mai ntain national and political integrity (America.gov, 2008). The prime objective of any public decision process revolves around protection of their individual as well as collective rights through promoting welfare of their society. The choice of an appropriate and suitable public policy is the key to bringing about the desired reforms and facilitating implementation of the policies that promote and initiate welfare and overall socio –economic development of their societies. The establishment of a customary perception is assisted by increased familiarity of the social fabric of the community at large. The heightened knowledge about the existence of pre requisites which hampers the social life in a complicated metropolitan environment is reflective of conflict (Cohnstaedt, 1966,

Foundation of European Union Law (Sovereignty of Parliamnent) Essay

Foundation of European Union Law (Sovereignty of Parliamnent) - Essay Example When it joined the European Community, many of the sovereign rights were transferred to the Union. The treaties of European Community and European Union do not have a specific legal base, require or order supremacy of Community Law, but some articles of Community Law clearly imply supremacy. For some specific articles and areas of its treaties and policies, the European Community required transfer or limiting of the sovereignty rights of its Member States to the Community. Some legal matters were completely controlled by the states themselves were no more under their control. (Cuthbert. pp 36-37. 2003) The sources of European Community law, which are its treaties, do not contain any mention of any relationship or prioritizing between the European Union and the national laws. For Monists states this was not a problem as for them all law is equal. One such Monist State is the France where there was no discrimination between the European Community law and the national law. As long as the procedures of constitution are followed, the national courts can make use of the international treaties. On the other hand, for a dualist state like UK there is difference between the national law and international law. For such countries, the national courts cannot apply the international law and treaty but only through domestic legislation. (Cuthbert. pp 36-37. 2003) For the EC treaty to be applied it has to be first made a part of the domestic law. In United Kingdom the EC treaty was incorporated by the European Communities Act 1972 especially ss 2 and 3. The incorporation still does not mean that the issue of prioritizing has been resolved. (Cuthbert. pp 36-37. 2003) The parliamentary sovereignty is the long-established formulation according to which the parliament has the right to make or unmake any law and power to do anything than to bind itself for the future. In case there is a clash between a present and a past custom then the present one has

Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Blog - Essay Example In response, the Cleveland Indians Baseball Team has responded to the racism critics by backing itself up for having recreated its current logo as a throwback to its Indians blue ‘C’ logo that the team used between the 1915 and 1927. The team has adjusted its logo over time since 1927 until the time it acquired its current logo which is a reconstruction of its original logo. Looking keenly at the Cleveland Indians’ logos since 1928 to present, there is a unique progression that is tied to racism. In 1928, the mascot used by the Cleveland Indians had a whole red painting, with just some few places bearing black color. In 1929-1932, they changed the logo to another mascot with red face and white helmet. In 1933-1938, there was a change of the logo to a mascot with a brown face and a brown and red helmet. Coming to 1938-1945, the mascot logo was changed to bear a red face and a white helmet again. In 1946 to 1950, the logo was changed to the head of a cartoon with a brown face and red and black helmet before they changed the color in 1951-72 to a red face and red and white helmet. This went on with one more change before they finally acquired their current logo which is a red ‘C’ from 2014 to present. All these are criticized to portray

LGBT Rights - Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Social Movement Essay

LGBT Rights - Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Social Movement - Essay Example formation two years ago, it has faced many challenges in the advocacy of the rights of Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals and transgender in various Universities in the country. The idea of forming the movement was not to increase the number of LGBT, but to advocate for their acceptance and behavior change. Sigmond Freud, a renowned psychologist has argued that LGBT relates to sexuality and psychological acquisitions in the process of a person’s development. According to the medical psychologist’, lesbianism and homosexuality depends on feminism and masculinity aspects that depicts gender. As a result, women with masculine characteristics will tend to prefer male roles in relationships. They as a result search for females over whom they can play the masculine gendered behavior. Similarly, homosexuality is a manifestation of feminism in males where a male with feminist features attracts other masculine males leading to gays (West, p. 202) Bisexual is a sexual orientation that that may not be easy to tell since these people are also heterosexuals, they may be married to the opposite sex but still practice these kind of behavior hence the confusion (West, p. 203) Transgender is on the other hand a practice that we is common in daily lives. It is believed to have originated from China during the wars of 15th century where strong women could dress as men while weak men like women (West 203, 204) LGBT community has not been able to enjoy as much rights in the Universities like other students. Members have for instance been segregated against and many of them expelled from various Universities when the behavior is observed. Similarly, these students has never been accepted by their peers in college environments. They are always looked down upon in terms of students’ representations in the students unions. The level of discrimination against LGBT students has sometimes unfair treatments in which the community have at times been denied access to accommodation on grounds of

Economic Performance of UK Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Performance of UK - Coursework Example UK's economy is experiencing slower growth as during 2007, it recorded a real GDP growth of 3.1% however, and the same has been recorded at 1.0% due to sharp increase in inflation. (Economist.com 2008). UK's inflation touched 3.8% in 2008 whereas its budget balance also widened to negative 3.8% suggesting the fact that all is not well for the UK economy. Many critics believed that in order to arrest the rising inflationary trends in the country, the monetary authorities in the country shall increase interest rates whereas some believed that in order to reduce the impact of recession, UK's monetary authorities shall lower interest rates so that economy can be put on right track. This paper will discuss both the options i.e. increasing or decreasing the interest rates to control inflation or avoid recession and will present a comprehensive analysis of both the options in order to provide a conclusive recommendation of which option to exercise. The economy of UK is second largest economy in EU after Germany and fifth largest economy in the world. ... The key economic indicators suggested improvement as UK economy thrived on increasing consumer spending however, due to increasing spending; UK economy witnessed growing increase in its consumer price index. IMF, during 2007, revised its economic forecasts for the UK economy due to its improved performance and termed it "impressive" as during last five years i.e. 2003 to 2007, it recorded an average real growth rate of 2.8%. (BBC.com 2007). The economic growth however is mostly dominated by the service sector with major contribution being made by financial services, food chains, healthcare as well as real estate. Further, the Agriculture sector is also significantly contributing towards the GDP of the country as it meets almost 60% food demand of the country. (Economywatch.com 2008) It is also however important to note that the performance of GBP Pound sterling is also declining over the past few years, mainly due to strong performance of Euro against major currencies and the fact that most of the trade within EU region is dominated by Euro. The recent developments, especially in the later half of the year 2008 however suggest that all is not well with UK's economy as it is experiencing serious challenges ahead due to the spread of subprime mortgage crises originating from US. The housing sector in UK thrived on the loose regulatory environment which allowed lenders to make lending into areas which were not considered as bankable under normal circumstances. UK also experienced the same economic bubble in its housing sector as not only the prices of the housing units dramatically increased but also the overall flow of credit to the housing sector increased too. This not only made bankers

Quality in Health Care Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Quality in Health Care Administration - Essay Example Performance can denote, for example, the aptitude to fulfill the customer's needs rapidly with no errors. This research focused on this truth that the add to in demand for MRI services opens a casement of chance for putting up a provider-based release of such repair which will serve as an extra source of income for our recognized orthopedic surgical procedure do (Glasper, E. A., & Pogson, D, 2000). The fulfillment of such tactics equates to addressing the population's wants with the assurance of having a extremely spirited and ground-breaking technology that is the moveable Magnetic Resonance Imaging machine. If we analyzed then we come to know that a dream of a healthy inhabitants who is repeatedly provisioned with the uppermost quality medical services that are sensibly priced. As the manager, it lies in your hands to approach up with a possible plan for the commerce. Several challenges contain been recognized which are to be afterward on discussed (Freytag, P. V., & Hollensen, S, 2001). Due to such, it becomes a main task at hand to give good reason for and go additional than these challenges to see how this commerce will create it and flourish finally. Pushing through by means of this project and following greatly lies in the dream that you have by means of regards to this chance. And such vision would be to give the highest quality checkup services that other providers cannot struggle through. According to the expert analysis the most effectual leaders are the ones who are clever to cascade their dream down to their subordinates. Moreover, lacking such influence, the dream could turn skewed in the prospect. It is of utmost significance that the manager be able to make all the people concerned realize the meaning of the chance at hand. From there, he be supposed to be able to assemble them towards achieving the dream through suitable actions. People, policies, communication and harmonization are the structures that determination creates up this association. Management It is management's accountability to handle all managerial concerns of this association. As such, the formulation of all policies and rule with regards to the operations of this novel commerce is their anxiety. Management puts the dream into put and takes charge of carry out it. Management, therefore, makes the most impact on how this chance will development. Staff This research focused on this truth that as a supplier of healthcare services, the commerce as a whole very much relies on the skills of its employees. The staff has to therefore appreciate their position in the understanding of the dream. The failure to present the uppermost quality services as envisioned would guide to the termination of this industry. Policies and Guidelines Appropriate policies and guidelines are supposed to be put into put to make sure that events for only the uppermost quality are in put. These are to be severely followed. This anchors on the power of the commerce as contribution only the most excellent of the greatest Communication and Coordination Effective communication can be achieved through open surroundings. An environment that promotes optimistic and encouraging message and coordination will stay the association physically powerful (Faulkner, M, 2001). Such will

Economic Performance of UK Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Performance of UK - Coursework Example UK's economy is experiencing slower growth as during 2007, it recorded a real GDP growth of 3.1% however, and the same has been recorded at 1.0% due to sharp increase in inflation. (Economist.com 2008). UK's inflation touched 3.8% in 2008 whereas its budget balance also widened to negative 3.8% suggesting the fact that all is not well for the UK economy. Many critics believed that in order to arrest the rising inflationary trends in the country, the monetary authorities in the country shall increase interest rates whereas some believed that in order to reduce the impact of recession, UK's monetary authorities shall lower interest rates so that economy can be put on right track. This paper will discuss both the options i.e. increasing or decreasing the interest rates to control inflation or avoid recession and will present a comprehensive analysis of both the options in order to provide a conclusive recommendation of which option to exercise. The economy of UK is second largest economy in EU after Germany and fifth largest economy in the world. ... The key economic indicators suggested improvement as UK economy thrived on increasing consumer spending however, due to increasing spending; UK economy witnessed growing increase in its consumer price index. IMF, during 2007, revised its economic forecasts for the UK economy due to its improved performance and termed it "impressive" as during last five years i.e. 2003 to 2007, it recorded an average real growth rate of 2.8%. (BBC.com 2007). The economic growth however is mostly dominated by the service sector with major contribution being made by financial services, food chains, healthcare as well as real estate. Further, the Agriculture sector is also significantly contributing towards the GDP of the country as it meets almost 60% food demand of the country. (Economywatch.com 2008) It is also however important to note that the performance of GBP Pound sterling is also declining over the past few years, mainly due to strong performance of Euro against major currencies and the fact that most of the trade within EU region is dominated by Euro. The recent developments, especially in the later half of the year 2008 however suggest that all is not well with UK's economy as it is experiencing serious challenges ahead due to the spread of subprime mortgage crises originating from US. The housing sector in UK thrived on the loose regulatory environment which allowed lenders to make lending into areas which were not considered as bankable under normal circumstances. UK also experienced the same economic bubble in its housing sector as not only the prices of the housing units dramatically increased but also the overall flow of credit to the housing sector increased too. This not only made bankers

Reason Behind Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reason Behind Democracy - Essay Example Human reason is central to humanity and people who believe in it also consider that it is critical in making rational decisions, where rationality is related to what is right. Milton believes in Reason that allows people to make rational choices (Lim 44). Human reason enables people to think in a moral, organized, and productive manner. Cicero highlights that speech makes relations among humans more â€Å"delightful† and that of writing enables â€Å"conversations to be carried on with people who were far away† geographically and in time (R III.3 qtd. in Hauben). Human reason guides communication processes and products, which is critical in forming understandings about the world and organizing themselves, so that they can attain common ends. Milton emphasizes the importance of Reason in making moral choices (Lim 44). Cicero argues too that common Reason allows each individual to scrutinize nature and come to comprehend what nature urges him/her to do (qtd. in Hauben). T hese understandings produce the Natural Law. Cicero calls it: â€Å"The highest reason, inherent in nature which enjoins what ought to be done and forbids the opposite† (L I.18 qtd. in Hauben). The Natural Law enables people to provide certainty and order in their lives. To follow natural law in one’s life is what Cicero refers to as justice and thus â€Å"justice comes from nature† (L I.33 qtd. in Hauben). He understands that corruption comes from â€Å"bad habits† and can be â€Å"so great that it extinguishes, so to speak, the sparks given by nature and allows

Effects of Drugs and Alcohol to the Body Essay Example for Free

Effects of Drugs and Alcohol to the Body Essay The effects of drugs and alcohol may vary on the kind of drug, the dosage, the frequency, the persons’ body element and metabolism, and the type of personality. According to the American Academy of child and adolescent psychiatry, 20 million adults in the United States abused alcohol and half of these abusers were teenagers. Teens usually perceive drugs and alcohols as a solution to their problems, to gain popularity, to become active, to have pleasure and at times due to curiosity and peer pressure. They simply disregard the fact that this will only harm their bodies, mess up their entire lives, and could even lead them to death. The effects of these substances are danger to human brain and body. Drugs are considered pervasive. It compromises the ability of the body to function well. It affects both physical and psychological aspects. Over consumption or tolerance to this effect can lead to physiological problem. Pathophysiology traces alcohol primarily on blood. Because alcohols are permeable to the cell membrane of the body, it can easily diffuse to the bloodstream and causes â€Å"blood-sludging† of which blood vessels are being plug up while the tissues and oxygen of the body are being starve, thus causing cell death. Further breaking of the blood vessels and cell death causes malfunction of the system of the body causing excessive bleeding or hemorrhage, predisposing factor of cancer and leading to death. Other effect of high concentration alcohol level on the blood is the depletion of red and white blood count which is the main component of the blood. Common blood disorders are anemia, bone marrow depression, and inability to fight infections. The first step in alcohol abuse treatment is detoxification. A doctor will give a prescription for one to have a high dose of medication for the first day of not drinking alcohol. In the succeeding days of the week, the patient will slowly lessen the dose of the medicine. The medicine usually reduces withdrawal symptoms â€Å"A breathalyser may be used to confirm that you are not drinking† (http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/27000488/What is detoxification?). It is important for the patient to have the support of his family amidst his medication process in order for him to gain motivation and inspiration. In treating drug addicts, it is advised for them to undergo Cognitive behavior therapy. This kind of therapy is also used in treating alcohol abuse. Many drugs and alcohol users are from a situation of hardships and problems in life. They find drugs and alcohol as coping mechanism. â€Å"Cognitive behavior therapy is based on the idea that feelings and behaviors are caused by a persons thoughts, not on outside stimuli like people, situations and events† (http://alcoholism.about.com/od/effect/The_Effects_of_Alcohol_and_Drugs.htm). In this kind of therapy, the therapist will make the patient recognized the situations and reasons why he is taking drugs and alcohol. The first thing taught in this therapy is how to do away from situations like those and how they can cope with it. The Cognitive Therapy may lasts until 12 sessions or depending upon the progress of the patient. Again, family support is vital in the process of treatment. BIBLIOGRAPHY Dunlap, M. P.. Biological Impacts Of Alcohol Use: An Overview. Retrieved August 6, 2007 from http://www.oregoncounseling.org/ArticlesPapers/Documents/ETOHBIOFx.htm Effects of Alcohol on the Body. Retrieved August 6, 2007 from http://www.therightmix.gov.au/pdfs/EffectsOnBody.pdf Teens: Alcohol and other Drugs. Retrieved August 6, 2007 from http://www.aacap.org/page.ww?section=Facts+for+Familiesname=Teens%3A+Alcohol+And+Other+Drugs Alcohol detoxification. Rtrieved August 8, 2007 http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/27000488/What is detoxification? http://alcoholism.about.com/od/effect/The_Effects_of_Alcohol_and_Drugs.htm

the coach :: essays research papers

I had been running track all through high school and was just about to start my senior season. I had never been great, but good enough to make states last year in the middle distances. Up until this year our only coaches were your typical, out of shape, over the hill, middle aged women who only coached track because they were either mean old biddies who liked to boss around young women or were athletes themselves before they let themselves go and now wanted to relive their fantasies of victory through our hard work and sweat. This spring though, things changed. We had a student teacher that offered to help out with the track team. She had run track in both high school and college but had used up her last year of eligibility and now was working on her Masters of Education. Her name was Naomi and she was assigned the runners since she obviously was better at it than any of our other coaches. Not only that, but she was faster than anyone else on the team except our top girl in the 100. She could easily beat everyone else in any distance up to the mile. Add to that the fact that she was prettier than most of the girls on the team and our fragile egos were taking a beating. If she hadn't been one of the nicest and most helpful people in the world things might have gotten ugly. Instead, she became one of our best friends, as well as our coach and some of our teacher. I don't know exactly why, but Naomi seemed to make me her special project for the season. From the first day of practice she pushed me harder than anyone else, spent more time with me and made sure that I pushed myself. Maybe it was because I ran the same distances she ran, but then again so did a few of the other girls. Maybe it was because she saw something in me that none of the other coaches had. I wasn't sure what it was, but at times I enjoyed the extra attention, at other times I hated it when she made me run the extra distance or work extra hard. She seemed to be able to know exactly how to get the best out of me though because by mid season she had me running the best times I had ever run and even a few college scouts were starting to stop by at our meets to check me out.

Asians Looking Again At Comercial Real Estate :: essays research papers

\ Commentary on the article: Asian looking again at Commercial real estate In the beginning of the last year, Taiwanese and Singaporeans came to Vancouver with a lot of money looking for prospects in the real estate market. These business people were looking for rental building, which were the "hot ticket" in real estate according to Vancouver relater John Gee The part of the city, which is attracting these buyers, is the West End of Vancouver, where the vacancy rate is about 1%. Even though some people feel real estate is really strong, others are trying to sell their buildings citing that the real estate market is stagnant. After reading this through I think that the Asians are doing the wrong thing by getting in to the real estate business because it is slow. It may take along time to recover their investment off the rental buildings. I also that the property value could decrease in price because most of the properties in Vancouver, especially commercial real estate, are overpriced. However, factors attracting overseas investors include low vacancy rate, low interest rates, and a future increase in the cost of rent. For investors who want security and a modest return the commercial real estate market offers great opportunities. On the other hand Asian investors can receive larger returns in their homeland. In summary, the real estate market in Vancouver provides a secure investment climate for Asian investors, however they should be wary of the market stabilizing over the short term. Commentary on the article: Asian looking again at BC Commercial real estate In the beginning of the last year, Taiwanese and Singaporeans came to Vancouver with a lot of money looking for prospects in the real estate market. These business people were looking for rental building, which were the "hot ticket" in real estate according to Vancouver relater John Gee The part of the city, which is attracting these buyers, is the West End of Vancouver, where the vacancy rate is about 1%. Even though some people feel real estate is really strong, others are trying to sell their buildings citing that the real estate market is stagnant. After reading this through I think that the Asians are doing the wrong thing by getting in to the real estate business because it is slow. It may take along time to recover their investment off the rental buildings. I also that the property value could decrease in price because most of the

Final Exam Solved Essay

Hahn Company uses the percentage of sales method for recording bad debts expense. For the year, cash sales are $300,000 and credit sales are $1,200,000. Management estimates that 1% is the sales percentage to use. What adjusting entry will Hahn Company make to record the bad debts expense? 2) Using the percentage of receivables method for recording bad debts expense, estimated uncollectible accounts are $15,000. If the balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is $3,000 credit before adjustment, what is the amount of bad debts expense for that period? 3) Intangible assets. Intangible assets are the rights and privileges that result from ownership of long-lived assets that 5) The book value of an asset is equal to the 6) Gains on an exchange of plant assets that has commercial substance are 7) Ordinary repairs are expenditures to maintain the operating efficiency of a plant asset and are referred to as 8) Costs incurred to increase the operating efficiency or useful life of a plant asset are referred to as 9) When an interest-bearing note matures, the balance in the Notes Payable account is 10) The interest charged on a $200,000 note payable, at a rate of 6%, on a 2-month note would be. If a corporation issued $3,000,000 in bonds which pay 10% annual interest, what is the annual net cash cost of this borrowing if the income tax rate is 30%? 12) Hilton Company issued a four-year interest-bearing note payable for $300,000 on January 1, 2011. Each January the company is required to pay $75,000 on the note. How will this note be reported on the December 31, 2012 balance sheet? 13) A corporation issued $600,000, 10%, 5-year bonds on January 1, 2011 for 648,666, which reflects an effective-interest rate of 8%. Interest is paid semiannually on January 1 and July 1. If the corporation uses the effective-interest method of amortization of bond premium, the amount of bond interest expense to be recognized on July 1, 2011, is 14) When the effective-interest method of bond discount amortization is used 15) If a corporation has only one class of stock, it is referred to as 16) Capital stock to which the charter has assigned a value per share is called 17) ABC, Inc. has 1,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, cumulative preferred stock and 50,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2011. What is the annual dividend on the preferred stock? 18) Manner, Inc. Has 5,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, noncumulative preferred stock and 20,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2011. There were no dividends declared in 2010. The board of directors declares and pays a $45,000 dividend in 2011. What is the amount of dividends received by the common stockholders in 2011? 19) When the selling price of treasury stock is greater than its cost, the company credits the difference to 21) Marsh Company has other operating expenses of $240,000. There has been an increase in prepaid expenses of $16,000 during the year, and accrued liabilities are $24,000 lower than in the prior period. Using the direct method of reporting cash flows from operating activities, what were Marsh’s cash payments for operating expenses? 22) Where would the event purchased land for cash appear, if at all, on the indirect statement of cash flows? 23) In performing a vertical analysis, the base for cost of goods sold is 24) Blanco, Inc. has the following income statement (in millions): Using vertical analysis, what percentage is assigned to Net Income? 25) Dawson Company issued 500 shares of no-par common stock for $4,500. Which of the following journal entries would be made if the stock has a stated value of $2 per share? Andrews, Inc. paid $45,000 to buy back 9,000 shares of its $1 par value common stock. This stock was sold later at a selling price of $6 per share. The entry to record the sale includes a 27) Which of the following is a fundamental factor in having an effective, ethical corporate culture? 28) Two individuals at a retail store work the same cash register. You evaluate this situation as 29) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act imposed which new penalty for executives? 30) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that all publicly traded companies maintain a system of internal controls. Internal controls can be defined as a plan to

Week Two Team Doc

The purpose of this comprehensive analysis is to discuss the region and country of Brazil along with our proposed global business venture in the country. Regional Analysis Brazil has worldwide allies but is recognized as one of the few nations in the world that does not currently have a regional alliance (but as you point out the country is member of NUMEROUS). However, (former) Brazilian President Luis dad Silva in 2008 has looked to change that with his proposal of a full region alliance of all of South America, called the Latin Alliance (Washington Times, 2008).Currently Brazil operates ender the Numerous, a form of economic integration that promotes trade, especially free trade, such as the exchange of goods, services and currency among its members. The members include Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Bola (Wisped, 2013). The Brazilian physical environment Is lush with vegetation, color, territory, natural resources, and available aquatic resources. All environments w hich positively facilitate trade potential for Brazil and the Region as a whole.South America Is regarded a place where political Instability holds true for most of the nations within the region, Brazil Included (Heritage, 2013). As a result of the political instability economic conditions have also resulted in fluctuation in success, where financing and other financial relief can be hard to come by or even relied upon in general for the region. However, the social conditions have looked up in the region for some nations as some nations have seen reductions In corruption with the increase in commerce, health care, and environmental acknowledgment (Heritage, 2013).Terrorism is not considered a factor (Internationals, 2013). You should update your understanding of Brazilian politics and the country global Image. Project finance has not been a recent problem. ) Country Analysis Brazil is one of the largest countries on the continent of South America. Over the years Brazil has had growt h in the oil, natural gas, and electricity markets. The country is also one of the largest consumers of energy in South America. Brazil is most popularly known for having largest rainforest's out of all of the destinations on the globe.Because of all of the plant life that belongs to the rain forest, Brazil produces the most Carbon Dioxide (? ). Brazil has been having a large amount of 1 OFF in the rainforest's. The deforestation has had an effect on the environment because of the plant and animal species that are becoming endangered. It also has an effect on the water and air quality in surrounding cities because of pollution. Brazil has a military but it is not used very often because the country does not have any enemies or threats to be concerned with.The country has a stable democratic political system, and has no cultural or ethnic conflicts. Political leaders like Lull De Silva implemented an economic plan and social reforms that helped them rank high on the UN Human Developm ent Index. Brazil has the 10th largest economy on a global call and has been effective in debt management, balancing trade, inflation control, and the country has also always kept their currency stable and has been consistent on the exporting of goods. Over the years Brazil has been able to avoid a U. S. Like recession (? ).Though some cities in Brazil like, ROI De Jeanine have a higher crime rate than other cities in Brazil it is still seen as a peaceful place. Some believe the reason for some crime is the 15% poverty rate. Political leaders are working to increase the employment rate and improve conditions in the poorer areas of Brazil. Organization ND Product Analysis Team B winery was incorporated in Florida in January of 2005 with the idea to create high-end wines for the most particular wine enthusiast. The winery was formed by four friends out of necessity because the selection of fine wines at a fair price is scarce.The winery covers a total of six acres with four acres devo ted to making grapes for Cabernet Sauvignon, and the remainder is used to make Merlot. Originally the group made wine as a hobby for personal consumption for themselves and their friends. It became popular among family and friends so they decided to pursue a business. Then in 2005 the company produced 85 cases of wine with 12 bottles per case at a retail price of $40 US per bottle. Since then the production numbers have been 250 cases per year consistently with the ability to make 500 cases if there was a demand.To create demand Team B decided to pursue sales in Brazil where the wine industry in comparison to the rest of the world is still in its infancy. There is a big wine market in Brazilian weddings. The people of Brazil have extravagant weddings with gourmet wine, food and live music. The weddings themselves are an extravaganza that consists of a wedding party and a separate Rooney that both involve wine. Team B Winery wants to position themselves (itself) to gain a market shar e of the wine sales.Weddings are not the only festivities the people of Brazil celebrate with the accompaniment of wine. Brazilian enjoy celebrating every milestone in life not Just weddings such as births, anniversaries, birthdays, holidays, deaths, and of course Carnival. Family time and celebrations consist of dancing, dressing up, enjoying a delicious meal with a bottle of wine. The consumption of wine is a ritual that is part of every aspect of Brazilian life. There are any holidays in which Brazilian celebrate, but one of the best known across the globe is Carnival, which lasts five days.Each day is spent dancing, conga music, and drinking high-end luxurious wine. The food staples of Brazil are sausage, pigs feet, ears and tails, beef and black beans. The winery will offer the 2007 Merlot to pair with the meats. The Merlot is Black Ripe Raspberry wine that boasts a small taste of spice to bring out the taste in the meat. If a more mellow wine is desired the 2008 hiring locals to manage and work the new bottling plant. To help with shipping costs ND to keep quality high, the wine will be shipped in oak barrels from the U. S. Winery and bottled in Brazil.

Velocity and Acceleration (Video Analysis) Lab Report

Velocity and Acceleration (Video Analysis) NAME Abstract: With using the new software this lab was different than the rest. We determined many solutions using video analysis. We used a frictionless track with a â€Å"car† and recorded using loggerpro software. We used this software to determine average velocity and instantaneous velocity. With this information we than discovered the average acceleration, mine was . 2115. After that we were able to find ? a, then finally the free-fall acceleration, I got 1. 693.Overall this was a fun and difficult experiment, but I learned a ton about acceleration and velocity. Introduction: The average person might hear the word physics and have no idea what it really means. The formal definition is; a science that deals with matter and energy and their interactions. Now that definition is nice and short, and doesn’t explain into too much detail, but that is the gist of it. And hopefully can help you understand this lab a little bit mor e. The next question an average person is going to ask is when is this even used in real life?But there are many examples, for one; 2-d vectors and projectile are used when using a cannonball, or any other ball flying through the air, every motion on a flat surface. Another example is hitting a golf ball, which can be in kinematics or in dynamics. If only motion of a golf ball is discussed, with terms like velocity, acceleration, displacement etc. then it's in kinematics. If mass, force, and impulse are also mentioned, than its dynamics. Those are just two of many different examples. The example that ties into this lab is hitting the golf ball, well the part about acceleration and velocity.So, if this lab is completed correctly and not only will you be able to determine the acceleration and velocity of the car on the tract but of your golf ball as well, which could be fun to see who’s is the highest with your friends. So before you know it you will be using physics in your ev eryday life and have fun doing it. But in this lab we will be finding a little bit more than just velocity and acceleration of low friction systems, we will also obtain a value for instantaneous velocity, which is used if we reduce the time interval between ti and tf to a very small value.Also the value for the free-fall acceleration g, this will be found using analytical and graphical methods, where the slope will also be determined. And I believe having fun while doing it. So, don’t think of physics as this hard useless subject because it is not! In fact, if understood it can be a useful and fun subject to learn. Theory: To describe object's motion we have a parameter called velocity which gives both the direction and speed of the object's motion. Average velocity can be found with net displacementtotal time taken or Xf-XiTf-Ti.In the first part of the experiment we will observe the motion at constant and even velocity. Constant means a quantity where the value does not cha nge with time. Even is a quantity where the value does not change with space coordinates. If a system could be found in which a mass moves with no friction, then that motion would be both even and constant. While it is impossible to take away friction completely, it is somewhat easy to minimize friction to almost none. The device available for studying nearly frictionless motion and the one we will be using is called a linear air track.Next is to find the value for instantaneous velocity which can be found with the equation; V3= X4-X2T4-T2, V4 X7-X5T7-T5, and so on, this must be done eight to ten times. So, if we determine the net displacement and take that and divide it by the total time taken, then we can establish the average velocity and the instantaneous velocity. Next we have to obtain the acceleration and the free-fall acceleration. These are found separately though and take two different methods, although they are very similar. First we must place a 1. 7 cm block under the l inear air track to rise it up which is essential to find the free-fall acceleration and the average acceleration. To find the acceleration we will be using an equation, which is; a=Vf-ViTf-Ti. And for the free-fall acceleration it is simply used with analytical and graphing with an equation, which is; Mg sin? = Ma. So, if we determine the velocity, then the acceleration can be calculated, and take that data and we can determine the free-fall acceleration. Experiment: First, before beginning this experiment you need to make sure you have the correct materials.You will need; an air track, an air car, a computer, a web cam, loggerPro ® software, a USB thumb drive, a meter stick, and a calculator. Once you have the proper equipment you are now ready to start the lab. First you turn on the vacuum cleaner, next set the car on the track. After that give the car a small push, if it runs good then you are good to go. Start up the LoggerPro ® software, select â€Å"insert†, then â €Å"Video Capture†. A pop up will appear and click on â€Å"Logitech HD Webcam C310† and click â€Å"OK†. A live image will appear.Put the web cam in a place in which you can see the whole track. On the computer click â€Å"Start Capture† button (which will start the recording), once it starts a lab partner will take the car (should be already placed at the begging of the track) and give it a slight push and wait till the car hits the end of the track and comes back to the beginning to stop the recording. Then close the window. Now that the video is taken, you will need to extract the data. First click the scale button and trace the meter stick, set it as one meter.Then click â€Å"add points† and track the car from the beginning till the end (only when moving). Press Ctrl-R to rearrange the windows, this will give a better view. Next click on the â€Å"Examine† tool, this will move the data to a data table, then turn the tool off. Once this is finished select the â€Å"Linear Fit† tool then select the â€Å"VideoAnalysisX†, this will draw a best fit line and then save. Next take the 1. 27 cm block and place it under one end of the track, this will be the end of the track where the test is run.Then in LoggerPro ® open a new page and record a video doing the same steps you previously did. Once this is complete calculate the instantaneous velocity at various points. This is done by selecting â€Å"Data†, â€Å"New Manual Column.. †, name this column â€Å"Vinst† and set the unit to â€Å"m/s†; then click â€Å"Done†. This is when the equation comes in, once each point is determined you will have to manually plug in the value into the â€Å"Vinst† column. Once this is complete you will need to complete a graph with the data from the â€Å"Vinst† column.Now the last step is just to do the calculations. Data ; Results: Acceleration= . 65-. 105-2. 4 = . 552. 6 or . 2115 ?a=12amax-amin=12. 684. 5-. 564. 8= . 0172 Free-fall acceleration = Mg sin? = Ma = g=asin? = sin? =hl= 1. 27cm125cm= . 0102 g=alh= (. 0172)(125)1. 27=1. 693 Discussion: With using the new software this lab was different than the rest. We determined many solutions using video analysis. We used a frictionless track with a â€Å"car† and recorded using loggerpro software.We used this software to determine average velocity and instantaneous velocity. With this information we than discovered the average acceleration, mine was . 2115. After that we were able to find ? a, then finally the free-fall acceleration, I got 1. 693. Overall this was a fun and difficult experiment, but I learned a ton about acceleration and velocity. References: Mellinger, Axel, Matson, William, and Qadir, Didarul. PHYSICS 175 Laboratory Manual. Department of Physics. Central Michigan University. August 2012. January 2013

Facts that make a class productive and enjoyable Essay

Facts that make a class productive and enjoyable - Essay Example In the process, clear distinction will be brought forth between being productive and being occupied. The first step that needs to be observed by teachers is; teaching the right things. It is not accurate to assume that all the things teachers teach are usually relevant and of ‘good practice’. Most teachers have adopted the method of â€Å"mark to the objective†. This method may also be referred to as marking, quality or focused. Such method of teaching disregard objectives of learning. Most teaching methods have been preoccupied with predetermination of what would be called as core subjects to train children on. The focus is much laid on the national curriculum than the actual things from which the students will benefit. One way of dealing with this is to try to use practical things in class especially when illustrating some products. This should go hand in hand with the identification of the right objective and subsequently, teaching these objectives at the right time at appropriate level. Rather than judging the teachers on whether they met the objectives of t he teaching, focus should be on whether those teachers got the objectives right in the first place. Another significant step that the teacher should observe and is a great factor is; getting the students do the work by themselves. There should be a very clear balance between the time students are putting in the work and what the teachers put. Study conducted by Smith, et.al (pg 13) reveals that schools where teachers and student do the work at the ration of 20:80 per cent, performed better than otherwise. This also depended on the teaching of the right objectives at the right time. Introducing the students into actual practice enables them to be more productive and they tend to find learning interesting as well. Another very important stage of making learning productive and fun is; the organizing

See below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

See below - Essay Example For instance, it has never been established that illicit drugs manufactured in Australia have been exported to other countries like the United States (Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, 2007). In Australia, the Commonwealth, the States and the Territories cooperate with each other in making legislation that addresses the supply, distribution, possession and use of narcotics. These bodies share the responsibility for enacting relevant legislation. There is a trans-state supply of illicit drugs in Australia, which has no geographical boundaries within the nation. Moreover, it is also evident that in certain incidents there had been cross national supply of drugs (The Attorney - General, 1989). The courts and the police employ drug diversion initiatives to treat drug addicts. These initiatives attempt to divert users from taking drugs. Education and compulsory assessment are two major diversions provided to drug abusers. After completion of the assessment, drug users are shifted to the appropriate education or treatment program. In April 1999, the Council of Australian Governments or COAG implemented the national strategy, by which concrete and concerted action was to be taken against drug peddlers and possessors (Crime Prevention and Community Safety Learning Circles). The National Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative provides early intervention measures for first time abusers and other less serious offenders; which provide either treatment or education, without involving the criminal justice system. The aim of this strategy is to encourage and motivate drug users to identify their drug addiction, at an early stage, and obtain appropriate treatment. This enables them to rejoin society without causing any adverse impact and ensures safety. Proponents of diversion schemes argue that educating users and providing subsequent treatment measures for first time users in the early

Argue for or against the elimination of speed limits Essay

Argue for or against the elimination of speed limits - Essay Example (Reddy) Germany's autobahn is free of speed limits for most of its 12,000 km. The Germans' pride in their free-speed autobahn is wellknown. The autobahn was in the news recently when Greenpeace ctivists put up banners that read "120", demanding a speed limit of 120 km/h on the Autobahn. But the powerful German car makers' lobby disagrees. Car manufacturers argue that emissions from cars are already very low. Limiting the speed has no additional benefit, they say. One car maker went as far as to say that the idea of speed limits was like "hitting the automobile industry between its legs!" (Connolly) This is not surprising, since car manufacturers promote their products as macho machines. Reckless speed is equated to manliness. Their stance that emissions from cars are low does not address the safety issue or the fuel wastage. Predictably, politicians are on the back foot - unpopular decisions are best postponed indefinetely. The public mood in Germany is also said to be one of "anger" - anger at the perceived erosion of their freedom. A strong, sustained campaign targeted at the grass roots is the need of the hour.

Implementing Measurements and Testing Models Essay

Implementing Measurements and Testing Models - Essay Example Sampling is done primarily because a population may be very large and diverse making it impossible for the researchers to study all of them given the available resources as well as the element of time. The Sloven formula is commonly used to compute for the desired sample size based on the total population and the margin of error or confidence level. The formula for computing the sample size is as follows: To determine the sample population for a study on drug use of prisoners in the State facilities, the researcher may use stratified random sampling. Stratified random sample involves subdividing the population into smaller homogenous groups to get more accurate information (Best, 2003). It is a commonly used probability method that is superior to random sampling because it reduces sampling error. A stratum is a subset of the population that shares at least one common characteristic. Examples of stratums might be males and females, or managers and non-managers. The researcher first identifies the relevant stratums and their actual representation in the population. Random sampling is then used to select a sufficient number of subjects from each stratum. "Sufficient" refers to a sample size large enough for us to be reasonably confident that the stratum represents the population. Stratified sampling is often used when one or more of the stratums in the population have a low incidence re lative to the other stratums (http://www.statpac.com/surveys/sampling.htm) Since prisoners are detailed in several areas spread all throughout Oklahoma, distributing the sample population according to the area or location of the facility and relative to the number of inmates in each area would ensure representation of each facility. Assuming that the survey research will be conducted in the facilities under the Oklahoma State Department of Corrections, and the desired margin of error is 1% or at 99% confidence level, we can compute for the desired sample size of a population such as 20,306 inmates as of December 8 figures in the OkDOC database using Sloven formula - n = N/(1+Ne2) n = 20,306 / 1+ [(20,306 ) (.01) 2 ] n = 20,306 / 1 + [ (20,306) (.0001)] n = 20,306 / 1 + 2.0306 n = 20, 306 / 3.306 n = 6,142.16 or 6143 Thus, the total number of respondents to the survey on drug use among inmates in the Oklahoma State Department of Corrections will be 6,142 inmates. This figure will be drawn proportionally from the different facilities throughout the State according to their actual count of inmates. Based on percentage share computed in Appendix A, the following will be the distribution of inmate-respondent in each facility. Table 1 - Distribution of Respondents per Facility FACILITIES NAME % of total pop'n # of respondent per facility** 1. Charles E. "Bill" Johnson Correctional Center 2.1 129 2. Dick Conner Correctional Center 4.7 289 3. Dr. Eddie Warrior Correctional Center 3.7 227 4. Howard McLeod Correctional Center 3.1 190 5. Jackie Brannon Correctional Center 3.6 221 6. James Crabtree Correctional Center 3.9 240 7. Jess Dunn Correctional Center 4.8 295 8. Jim E. Hamilton Correctional Center 3.4 209 9. John Lilley Correctional Center 3.6 221 10. Joseph Harp Correctional Center 6.8 418 11. Lexington A & R Center 2 123 12. Mabel Bassett Correctional Cent